lunes, 25 de mayo de 2015

REPORTED SPEECH: MORE PRACTICE



When we report someone’s words we can do it in two ways. We can use direct speech with quotation marks (“I work in a bank”), or we can use reported speech (He said he worked in a bank.)

In reported speech the tenses, word-order and pronouns may be different from those in the original sentence.

Direct SpeechReported Speech
Present SimplePast Simple
"He's American," she said. She said he was American.
"I'm happy to see you," Mary said. Mary said that she was happy to see me.
He asked, "Are you busy tonight?" He asked me if I was busy that night.
Present ContinuousPast Continuous
Dan is living in San Francisco," she said. She said Dan was living in San Francisco.
He said, "I'm making dinner." He told me that he was making dinner.
"Why are you working so hard?" they asked. They asked me why I was working so hard.
Past SimplePast Perfect Simple
"We went to the movies last night," he said. He told me they had gone to the movies the night before.
"Greg said, "didn't go to work yesterday." Greg said that he hadn't gone to work the day before.
"Did you buy a new car?" she asked. She asked me if I had bought a new car.
Past ContinuousPast Perfect Continuous
"was working late last night," Vicki said. Vicki told me she'd been working late the night before.
They said, "we weren't waiting long." They said that they hadn't been waitinglong.
" He asked, "were you sleeping when I called?" He asked if I'd been sleeping when he called.
Present Perfect SimplePast Perfect Simple
"Heather said, "I've already eaten." Heather told me that she'd already eaten.
"We haven't been to China,they said. They said they hadn't been to China.
"Have you worked here before?" I asked. I asked her whether she'd worked therebefore.
Present Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect Continuous
 "I've been studying English for two years,"he said. He said he'd been studying English for two years.
" Steve said, "we've been dating for over a year now." Steve told me that they'd been dating for over a year.
"Have you been waiting long?" they asked. They asked whether I'd been waiting long.
Past Perfect SimplePast Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE)
"I'd been to Chicago before for work," he said. He said that he'd been to Chicago before for work.
Past Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE)
She said, "I'd been dancing for years before the accident." She said she'd been dancing for years before the accident.
Nota: Cuando hablamos de algo que no ha cambiado (que sigue siendo cierto) o de algo en el futuro, no es necesario cambiar el tiempo verbal.
  • Ejemplos:
  • "I'm 30 years old," she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
  • Dave said, "Kelly is sick." → Dave said Kelly is sick.
  • "We are going to Tokyo next week," they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
  • "I'll cut my hair tomorrow," Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.

Modal Verbs (Los verbos modales)

El tiempo verbal cambia en el estilo indirecto también con algunos de los verbos modales.
Nota: Con "would", "could", "should", "might" y "ought to", el tiempo no cambia.
Direct SpeechIndirect Speech
WillWould
 "I'll go to the movies tomorrow," John said. John said he would go to the moviesthe next day.
 "Will you help me move?" she asked. She asked me if I would help her move.
CanCould
 Debra said, "Allen can work tomorrow." Debra said Allen could work the next day.
 "Can you open the window, please?", he asked. He asked me if I could open the window.
MustHad to
 "You must wear your seatbelt," mom said. My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt.
 She said, "You must work tomorrow." She said I had to work the next day.
ShallShould
 "Shall we go to the beach today?" Tom asked. Tom asked if we should go to the beach that day.
 "What shall we do tonight?" she asked. She asked me what we should dothat night.
MayMight/Could
 Jane said, "may not be in class tomorrow." Jane said she might not be in classthe next day.
 the boy asked. "May I use the bathroom, please?" the boy asked. The boy asked if he could use the bathroom.
Nota: A continuación tienes una tabla donde puedes observar los cambios que sufren las expresiones de tiempo cuando usamos el estilo indirecto.
Direct SpeechIndirect Speech
todaythat day
tonightthat night
this week/month/yearthat week/month/year
tomorrowthe next day
next week/month/yearthe following week/month/year
yesterdaythe day before/the previous day
last week/month/yearthe day/month/year before o the previous day/month/year
nowthen/at that moment
Otros cambios
herethere
Requests and commands are formed using the "to-infinitive" in statements and "not + to-infinitive" in negative statements. If we report somebody's commands, we use the verb told. If it's a request, the word used in the main clause is usually asked.
  • He asked me to close the window.
Commands
  • Go to bed!
  • He told me to go to bed.
  • Don't go to bed!
  • He told me not to go to bed.
Requests
  • Could you buy some eggs?
  • She asked me to buy some eggs
  • Don't buy any eggs please.
  • She asked me not to buy any eggs.


FOLLOW THE LINKS TO PRACTISE:

Statements

Questions

More questions

Commands

Mixed


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