TERM 2. IDIOMS VIDEO (2)

 

TERM 2.IDIOMS VIDEO (1)

 

OUR PENFRIENDS FROM DUBLIN

Today was such an exciting day—our penfriends’ letters from Dublin finally arrived! The whole class was buzzing as we opened them and discovered what our new friends had written. Now that we’ve read their messages, it’s time to get started on our replies. We can’t wait to share a bit about ourselves and keep this wonderful exchange going!

A huge thank-you to Áine, the Irish teacher who made all of this possible! 

SPLIT LESSON: HALLOWEEN

 GHOST   BAT   VAMPIRE   MONSTER   ZOMBIES   CANDY   CANDLE   MASK

COSTUME    TRICK OR TREAT    DEAD   HAUNTED HOUSE   CEMETERY  

BLACK CAT    WITCH   FULL MOON   SKELETON     BROOM    SPIDERWEB

COFFIN    BONFIRE    SCARECROW     JACK-O-LANTERN     TOMBSTONE 

  

SPLIT LESSON: IDIOMS

 SPORT

1. THE BALL IS IN YOUR COURT

2. STEP UP TO THE PLATE

3. COME OUT OF LEFT FIELD

4. GO THE EXTRA MILE

5. DOWN TO THE WIRE

LOVE

6. HEAD OVER HEELS

7. GO STEADY

8. MATCH MADE IN HEAVEN

9. POP THE QUESTION

10. TIE THE KNOT

SCHOOL

11. BRAINSTORM

12. CRAM FOR A TEST

13. STUDY BUDDY

14. ACE THE EXAM

15. TEACHER'S PET

FRIENDSHIP

16. STICK TOGETHER

17. ON THE SAME WAVELENGTH

18. KNOW SOMEONE/SOMETHING INSIDE OUT

19. BURY THE HATCHET

20. FAIR-WEATHER FRIEND

 

2. DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

  MODULE 2. RELATIVE CLAUSES
 

A.-TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING
 

DEFINING: The student who/that recorded the video is studying forestry.
NON- DEFINING: John, who recorded the video, is studying Forestry.
DEFINING: The teacher (who / that ) you met at the entrance teaches English.
NON-DEFINING: Irene, who you met at the entrance, teaches English.
DEFINING: The town where I live is in the north of Cáceres.
NON-DEFINING: Plasencia, where I live, is in the north of Cáceres.
DEFINING: The woman whose son works with me is very friendly.
NON-DEFINING: Mrs Smith, whose son works with me, is very friendly.
DEFINING: The month (when/that) I finish my exams is my favourite time of the year.
NON-DEFINING: June, when I finish my exams, is my favourite time of the year.
 

B.-DECIDE WHETHER THE FOLLOWING CLAUSES ARE DEFINING OR NON-DEFINING CLAUSES. INSERT COMMAS WHERE NECESSARY. OMIT THE RELATIVE PRONOUN WHEN IT IS POSSIBLE.
1. The car which was a rare sports coupe was built in 1966.
2. We invited Robert who Tom had met the week before.
3. The friends who we met at university are coming to visit us next week.
4. That is the building where they shot the film 'Vanilla Sky'.
5. Mr Jackson whose son goes to my school will be attending the party next weekend.
6. My favourite author's latest book which is a bestseller is about two children in
Jamaica.
7. London where many inmigrants live is the most multicultural city in Europe.
8. The area where we live is very quiet.
9. I will never forget the day when I met my girlfriend.
10. The man whose daughter works with us is now unemployed.
 

C.-DEFINING: COMPLETE WITH THE CORRECT RELATIVE PRONOUN. OMIT IT WHEN POSSIBLE:
Q1 - He's the man …………… car was damaged by the demonstrators.
Q2 - That's the car ……………….. I am thinking about buying.
Q3 - She was the person …………….saw it first.
Q4 - The email …………… I sent didn't reach everybody.
Q5 - The flight ………….. we were supposed to take was cancelled.
Q6 - Nothing …………… she does shocks me now.
Q7 - There is no one ……………….. I trust more.
Q8 - He's not the sort of person ……………… everyone likes.
Q9 – She is the woman …………… son works in Britain.
Q10 - It's something ……………… I don't want to think about.
Q11 - He's the one ………………… took it.
Q12 –I’ve got a friend …………….. mother is a famous politician.
 

D.-DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING: COMPLETE WITH THE CORRECT RELATIVE PRONOUN.
OMIT IT WHEN POSSIBLE:
DEFINING: The boy who/that works at the supermarket is my brother.
The city where he lives is very expensive.
NON-DEFINING: Marcos, who works at the supermarket, is my brother.
New york, where he lives, is very expensive.
1.-The woman ………….. is sitting at the desk is Mr Winter's secretary.
2.-Mr Yeast, ………… I admire a lot, is a great teacher.
3.-Jane, …………….mother is a physician, is very good at biology.
4.-She didn’t see the snake …………… they brought to school.
5.-Do you know the shop …………………Andrew picked me up?
6.-Harrods, …………… is a really expensive shop, is famous for sales.
7.-London, ……………..is the capital of Britain, is a Cosmopolitan city.
 

E.-JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. FORM DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING RELATIVE
SENTENCES.
1. The woman showed me a photograph of her son. Her son is a policeman.
2. The new stadium will be opened next month.It holds 90,000 people.
3. John is one of my closest friends. I have known John for eight years
4. The boy is one of my closest friends. He is waiting for me.
5. Thank you for your letter. I was very happy to get your letter.
6. The letter is in the drawer. Peter has sent the letter to you.
7. Next week-end I’m going to Glasgow. My sister lives in Glasgow.
8. Next summer we are visiting the town. My father was born there.
9. The storm caused damage. Nobody had been expecting the storm.
10. That man over there is an artist. I don’t remember his name.
11. Mr Yates is retiring this month. He has worked for the same
company all his life.
12. I’ve just bought a book about astronomy. I’m very interested in it.
13. The man is in prison. Janet fell in love with this man.
14. Mr Roberts is in prison. Janet fell in love with him.

STORYLINE: THE THREE PIGS

STORYLINE: THE THREE QUESTIONS

HALLOWEEN 2025 AT NORBA

 This year Mª Ángeles Corral, our Bilingual Section coordinator came up with a wonderful idea to decorate Norba School: creating recycled haunted houses out of cardboard boxex. The result was an impressive Halloween village filled with spooky, imaginative houses. Thank you to all the students who participated. Have a look at the first, second and third prizes.   

  

The English teachers had a hard time making a decision!

And the winners!!!!!!!

 

 

MODULE 2: RELATIVE SENTENCES: DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING

DEFINING (no commas)

Relative clauses add extra information to a sentence by defining a noun. They are usually divided into two types – defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses.

Defining relative clauses

We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about someone or something – information that we need in order to understand what or who is being referred to. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes.

We usually use a relative pronoun (e.g. who, whom, that, which, whose, where, when, why) to introduce a defining relative clause. In the examples, the relative clause is in bold, and the person or thing being referred to is underlined:

1.-They’re the people who/that want to buy our house.

2.-Here are some houses which/that have been affected by the flood.

3.-They should give the money to somebody who/that they think needs the treatment most.

 

4.-The actress now playing a woman whose son was killed in the First World War.

        5.- This is the town where I studied my university degree.

       6.-The day when/that the concert takes place is Saturday.
       
       7.-This is the reason why I didn't invite him to the party.

 

We can leave out the relative pronoun when it is the object of the verb:

They’re the people (who/that) she met at Jon’s party.

 This is the book (which/that) I borrowed from the library.

The relative pronoun cannot be omitted when it isthe subject of the verb:

            This is the boy who/that helped us with our luggage.  

            This is the boy (who/that) we meet at the party.

IMPORTANT: Where and whose are never omitted. 

It is important to use the possessive WHOSE correctly:
Example: He's the man whose car was stolen last week.
They were sure to visit the town whose location 

 

NON-DEFINING

Look at this sentence.

• My grandfather, who is 87, goes swimming every day.

‘who is 87’ is a non-defining relative clause. It adds extra information to the sentence. If we take the clause out of the sentence, the sentence still has the same meaning.

Look at some more examples.

• Tom Carter, who plays the leading role in this film, is a great actor.
• My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in Hong Kong at the moment.
• The car, which can reach speeds of over 300km/ph, costs over $500,000.
• Cáceres, where most of my students were born, is a wonderful town.
  

Non-defining relative clauses add extra information to sentences.

Defining or non-defining?

Remember that defining relative clauses are used to add important information. The sentence would have a different meaning without the defining relative clause.

• I’m going to wear the skirt that I bought in London. The defining relative clause tells us which skirt.
• This skirt, which is a lovely dark blue colour, only cost £10. The non-defining relative clause doesn’t tell us which skirt – it gives us more information about the skirt.

Non-defining relative clauses use WHO, WHICH, WHERE, WHEN, WHOSE, but they but they CAN’T use THAT.

The relative pronoun can never be omitted in a non-defining relative clause.

• The film, that stars Tom Carter, is released on Friday.
• The film, which stars Tom Carter, is released on Friday

Non-defining relative clauses are more often used in written English than in spoken English. You can tell that a clause is non-defining because it is separated by commas at each end of the clause.






SUBJECT OR OBJECST PRONOUNS?

RELATIVE PRONOUN, NECESSARY OR NOT?

RELATIVE ADVERBS

RELATIVE TEST


Exercise 1

 

MORE PRACTICE

COMPLETE with the right pronoun and omit it when possible:
1. It is the book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I've just read.
2. She is the girl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sat next to me in the bus.
3. They are the people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . helped me.

4. The village ..................... I was born is very small. 

5. This is the dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scared me.

6.  This is the dog ...........................my sister bought as a present for my birthday.

7. Summer is the season .............................. I feel better. 

8. The policeman ......................... you saw at the entrance is my brother. 

9. He is a musician ....................... albums have sold millions. 

10. The exam ............................ we took yesterday was really difficult.

DEFINITIONS. Build one sentence (containing a defining relative clause) with these two sentences: 

1. A robot is a machine. It can replace human workers. 

2. A vet is a doctor. He treats animals.
3. Pets are animals. They are kept at home as companions. 

4. A robot is a machine. It looks like a human being. 

Join the following pairs of sentences. There are defining and non-defining

relative sentences.

 

1. The woman showed me a photograph of her son. Her son is a policeman.

2. The new stadium will be opened next month. The stadium holds

90,000 people.

3. John is one of my closest friends. I have known John for eight years

4. The boy is one of my closest friends. He is waiting for me.

5. Thank you for your letter. I was very happy to get your letter.

6. The letter is in the drawer. Peter has sent the letter to you.

7. Next week-end I’m going to Glasgow. My sister lives in Glasgow.

8. Next summer we are visiting the town. My father was born in this

town.

9. The storm caused a lot of damage. Nobody had been expecting

the storm.

10. That man over there is an artist. I don’t remember his name.

11. Mr Yates is retiring next month. He has worked for the same

company all his life.

12. My sister is visiting us next week. You once met her.

13. Mr Carter is very interested in our plan. I spoke to him last night.

14. I’ve just bought some books about astronomy. I’m very interested

in astronomy.

15. The man is in prison. Janet fell in love with this man.

16. Mr Roberts is in prison. Janet fell in love with him.


DO TESTS 1, 2, 3, 4.

1. SONG. QUEEN: WE ARE THE CHAMPIONS

Use the PRESENT PERFECT:  

I ¹________________ (pay) my dues
Time after time.
I ²________________ (do) my sentence
But committed no crime.
And bad mistakes ‒
I ³________________ (make) a few.
I ⁴________________ (have) my share of sand kicked in my face
But I ⁵________________ (come) through.

And I need go on and on, and on, and on

We are the champions, my friends,
And we’ll keep on fighting ’til the end.
We are the champions.
We are the champions.
No time for losers
‘Cause we are the champions of the world.

I ⁶________________ (take) my bows
And my curtain calls
You brought me fame and fortune and everything that goes with it
I thank you all
But it ⁷________________ (be) no bed of roses,
No pleasure cruise.
I consider it a challenge before the whole human race
And I ain’t gonna lose.

And I need to go on and on, and on, and on

We are the champions, my friends,
And we’ll keep on fighting ’til the end.
We are the champions.
We are the champions.
No time for losers
‘Cause we are the champions of the world.

We are the champions, my friends,
And we’ll keep on fighting ’til the end.
We are the champions.
We are the champions.
No time for losers
‘Cause we are the champions…

 

 

UNIT 1. REPHRASINGS WITH PERFECT TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE

1)    The last time I ran a marathon was two years ago → I haven’t run a marathon for two years. 

2)    It’s ages since she last won an Oscar → She hasn’t won an Oscar for ages.

3)    It’s been years since they swept the house for the last time → They haven’t swept the house for years.

4)    It’s 15 years since he lit his last cigarette → He hasn’t lit a cigarette for 15 years.

5)    I haven’t played tennis for months → The last time I played tennis was months ago.

6)    She hasn’t called her grandmother for weeks → It’s been weeks since she last called her grandmother.

7)    We haven’t eaten sushi for a year → The last time we ate sushi was a year ago.

8)    They haven’t been to the cinema for ages → It’s been ages since they last went to the cinema.

9)    He hasn’t written to me for two years → The last time he wrote to me was two years ago.

10)          The last time she lent me her car was three months ago → She hasn’t lent me her car for three months. 

 

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS / PAST SIMPLE

1.-I have been working in the bakery for nine months → I started working in the bakery nine months ago.

2.-Scott Schuman started taking photographs two decades ago → Scott Schuman has been taking photographs for two decades.

3.-Uma has been analyzing the problem for a week → Uma started analyzing the problem a week ago.

4.-Kate started learning how to swim two months ago → Kate has been learning how to swim for two months.

5.-Mathew has been cleaning the windows for a couple of hours → Mathew started cleaning the windows a couple of hours ago.

6.-My cousin started watching thrillers seven years ago → My cousin has been watching thrillers for seven years.

7.-Jamie started dating his girlfriend three months ago → Jamie has been dating his girlfriend for three months.

8.-The dog started barking five minutes ago → The dog has been barking for five minutes.

 

 

PAST PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE

1.    I did not use my credit card because I had lost it.

2.    They did not tell me that Easyjet had cancelled the flight.

3.    I could not go out because I had broken my leg.

4.    As soon as he had left school, he took up a job.

5.    She fell in love with him when they had met in Cork.

6.    Marion did not say hello to Jim because she had not recognized him.

7.    After Peter had sent me an e-mail, I understood the problem.