Sometimes we do not know who did an action or it is not relevant. Then, the subject can be "PEOPLE" or "THEY" with an active verb:
a) People say that these actors are handsome.
b) They say that these actors are handsome. We can also use two types of impersonal passive: a) It is said that they are handsome. b) They are said to be handsome.
Pay attention to this examples in the past:
They knew she had an idea.
It was known that she had an idea.
She was knownto have had an idea. (to + have V3)
If the predicate of the passive sentence is a verb transitive like believe, think, find, say, report, consider, understand, acknowledge, expect, tell, know then you can change the active sentence into passive.These are formal structures. They are often used in news reports and on TV.
In English, the causative form is used when we don't do something ourselves, instead we arrange for someone else to do it for us.
Watch this video and learn more about it:
The boy is getting his hair cut
There are two verbs generally used in the passive causative form; they are Have and Get. In addition, there is usually no agent in this form; it's not like in active form which has the agent. The action verb is in the past participle, and the object comes before it. The difference between have and get in this passive causative form is that have is more formal than get.
I have my teeth cleaned
once a year
Pattern
Subject
Have/Get
Object
Past Participle
Examples:
I'm going to ask someone to fix my car. = I'm going to have my car fixed.
She asked John to wash the plate. = She got the plate washed.
Write the correct response, changing the ACTIVE sentences into PASSIVE CAUSATIVE FORM sentences: EX: Jim is sending the letter. (Jim is going to the post office)
--> Jim is having the letter sent. (Someone else is going to the post office instead of Jim)
1. My mother changed the curtains. -->
2. Thomas is going to wash the car. -->
3. Maria has redesigned the web site. -->
4. Kelly will take Mr. Brown to the beach. -->
5. John brought the cat to the vet. -->
6. Jane is putting the vase on the table. -->
7. We were driving Mr. Jones to the airport. -->
8. We fed the dog. -->
9. We have given the money to the homeless shelter. -->
I sat there continually racking my brain trying to remember
I picked up my coffee up and took a sip
I mumbled
I swung myself around on my stool
orphanage
this big bully slammed me up against the lockers in the hallway
Not the big burley guy that I remember
I spun around to see what had happened
van
a wheelchair loader
Darn thing sticks once in a while
What goes around comes around
a stern look
the interstate
the southbound ramp
QUESTIONS
1.What is the setting of this narrative?
2. Who comes to talk to Roger? What does she want from him?
3.Who was Tony? What was his relationship with Roger?
4.What do we find out about Roger's childhood?
5.What happened at the end of this narrative?
6.-Write three sentences about each character:
Roger:
Tony:
Barbara:
TRANSLATION
Translate these excerpts:
“How many times that sorry guy had
made fun of my big ears in front of the girls in my class?” How many times this
sorry son-of-a-gun had laughed at me because I had no parents and had to live
in an orphanage? How many times this big bully slammed me up against the
lockers in the hallway just to make himself look like a big man to all the
other students?”
I
reached down and grabbed him around the waist and carefully raised him up into
the passenger seat of the van.
ANALYSIS
1.Describe a conflict that Tony deals with every day.
2.Describe a conflict Roger faced as a child.
3.Describe a conflict Roger and Tony had.
4.What are the topics
covered in this story?
5. Comment on the last sentece:
"He will be the only friend that I have from my high school days."